What is the significance and importance of Yoginis?
Srividyā upāsakas understand that to attain the divine Lalitā Tripurasundari, one must navigate through the various āvaranās (metaphorically unveiling the curtain to access that transcendent realm). The manifestations of the goddess at each āvarana consist of yoginis who assist individuals in transcending each level of the Sripuram, ultimately guiding them towards the bindu or pure bliss where Lalitā resides. Although this process may sound straightforward, it is, in practice, a considerable challenge even for the most dedicated practitioners.
The understanding that the five aspects of Shakti worship – Lalitā Devi, Srichakram, Srividya, Guru, and Upāsaka – are intrinsically connected represents the yogic power that these Yoginis have attained. They possess the ability to impart this wisdom to the upāsaka who aspires to achieve similar realization.
Who are the Yoginis?
When the term “Yogini” is invoked, the nine Yoginis that preside over the nine avaranas of the SriChakra are foremost in our thoughts. The Devi Khadgamāla Stotram articulates their names as follows: Prakata Yogini, Gupta Yogini, Guptatara Yogini, Sampradāya Yogini, Kulotīrna Yogini, Nigarbha Yogini, Rahasya Yogini, Atirahasya Yogini, and Paraparātirahasya Yogini.
In addition to the nine āvarana deities, there exist seven additional Yoginis that bear equal significance, as outlined in the Lalitha Sahasranāmam. These Yoginis serve as the presiding deities of the various chakras within the human body, collectively forming the ‘Kundalini’. They function in concert with the nine āvarana deities to facilitate the process of spiritual realization. Notably, the segment of nāmās that articulates these seven Kundalini chakra Yoginis is situated centrally within the text, analogous to the backbone or spine, thereby providing crucial support to the entirety of the work.
What is Yogini nyāsa?
Nyāsa, the sanskrit word, is a general term used in all spiritual practices. It is a kind of pre-amble to the main ritualistic worship one undertakes, by which spiritual energies are instantiated in various parts of the body, symbolizing purification and opening up the energy channels for alignment to the bigger purpose.
There are 6 categories (shodānyasam) of special nyasa worship, each having specific number of elements as determined by that category – Ganesha (51) , Graha (9) , Nakshatra (27), Yogini (7), Rāsi(12), Pītam(1)
Of these, Yogini nyāsam is the path to activate the energy paths (kundalini chakrās) that are governed by the 7 yoginis. Groups of askharās from the 51 mātruka aksharams (immutable sounds) surround each of the 7 yoginis as their parivāra devatās.
Who are the 7 Yoginis and which chakra does each of them preside over?
Usually we read about kundalini chakras described starting with the Mūlādhāra (kulakundam), then onto Swādhistāna (sacral), Manipūra (solar plexus), Anāhata (heart), Vishuddhi (throat), Ājnā (mind) and finally Sahasrāra (top), depicting a straight line from the base to the top.
However, in the Lalitā Sahasranāmam this is not the case. This is a special feature that needs to be pointed out. Here we start with Vishudhdhi, Anāhatam, Manipūrakam, Swadhistānam, Mūladharam, Āgna and finally Sahasrāram.
The rationalization behind this ordering is as follows. 5 out these 7 chakras viz. Vishudhi, Anāhata, Manipūraka , Swādishtāna and Mūlādhāra are representative of the pancha bhūthas (5 elements)- Space, Air, Fire, Water and Earth ,respectively. This follows the same sequencing as what the Upanishads say about the order of creation of these elements.
“Akashat Vayuhu, Vayur Agnihi, Agnir Apaha, Adyah Pruthivi, Pruthivya Oshadhayaha, Oshadhayo Annam, Annaath Purushaha” -Taittriya Upanishad.
First there was space, then air, fire, water, earth, vegetation/medicine, food and finally the individual as the order of manifestation.
Thus, the seven Yoginis, commencing with Dākini, who presides over Vishuddhi (Akāsa), followed by Rākini for Anāhata (Vāyu), Lākini (Agni), Kākini (Āpah), Sākini (Earth), Hākini (Mind), and Yākini (Sahasrāram), are elucidated in that precise sequence within the central portion of the entire text of the stotram, akin to the Sushumna nādi.
Description of the 7 Yoginis and their realms
The Lalita Sahasranāmam lists 60 names that detail the yoginis and their realm in adhikāram 22, from slokas 98-110 (nāmās 475-534)Click on the names below for descriptions of each yogini
Dākini : Vishudhichakra/Ākāsa tatvam (slōkās 98,99; nāmās 475-484)
विशुद्धिचक्र-निलयाऽऽरक्तवर्णा त्रिलोचना ।
खट्वाङ्गादि-प्रहरणा वदनैक-समन्विता ॥ ९८॥
पायसान्नप्रिया त्वक्स्था पशुलोक-भयङ्करी ।
अमृतादि-महाशक्ति-संवृता डाकिनीश्वरी ॥ ९९॥
The one who resides in Vishudhdhi (throat) chakra ( vishudhdhichakra nilayā), mild red hued (āraktha varna), three eyed (trilōchana), holding khadvāngam ( a skull headed club) and other weapons1 in her 4 hands (khadvāngādi praharanā), one faced (vadanaika samanvita), fond of payasānna – rice cooked in milk and sweetened (pāyasānna priyā), presiding over skin and touch (Twakstha) the outermost barrier of the physical body, terrifying to those who are ignorant (pasuloka bhayankari), surrounded by 16 mahashaktīs2 or seated in a 16 petaled lotus representing the vowels/life giving aksharas (amtritādi mahashakti samvrutā), namely Dākini (dākinīswari).
Rākini : Anāhata/Vāyu tatvam (slōkās 100,101; nāmās 485-494)
अनाहताब्ज-निलया श्यामाभा वदनद्वया ।
दंष्ट्रोज्ज्वलाऽक्ष-मालादि-धरा रुधिरसंस्थिता ॥ १००॥
कालरात्र्यादि-शक्त्यौघ-वृता स्निग्धौदनप्रिया ।
महावीरेन्द्र-वरदा राकिण्यम्बा-स्वरूपिणी ॥ १०१॥
The one who resides in Anāhata (heart) chakra (Anāhatabja nilayā), blackish-green hued (syāmābhā), with two faces (vadanadwayā), teeth gleaming (damshtrōjwala), wearing a 51 beaded garland representing the 51 aksharās from अ to क्ष (akshamālādi dharā), in the realm/substratum of (presiding over) blood3 (rudira samsthithā), surrounded by 12 of her attendants such as kālarātri4 (kālaratrādi shakthyouka vrithā), fond of rice mixed with ghee5 (snigdhoudanapriyā), granting boons to warriors6 (mahāvīrendra varadā).
Lākini : Manipūrakam/Agni tatvam (slōkās 102,103; nāmās 495-503 )
मणिपूराब्ज-निलया वदनत्रय-संयुता ।
वज्रादिकायुधोपेता डामर्यादिभिरावृता ॥ १०२॥
रक्तवर्णा मांसनिष्ठा गुडान्न-प्रीत-मानसा ।
समस्तभक्त-सुखदा लाकिन्यम्बा-स्वरूपिणी ॥ १०३॥
The one who resides in the Manipūraka chakra7 (manipūrābja nilayā), having 3 faces (vadanatraya samyutā), weilding such weapons as vajrā, spear etc in her 4 hands (vajrāyudhōpetha), surrounded by 10 parivāra devatas such Damari (dāmaryādi bhirāvrutā), bright red colored (raktha varnā), residing in the realm of flesh (māmsa nishtā), relishing jaggery rice (gudānnaprithamānasā), giver of sukha to all her bhakthās (samasthabhkathasukhadā), namely Lākinyambā.
Kākini : Swādishtānam/Āpah tatvam (slōkās 104,105; nāmās 504-513 )
स्वाधिष्ठानाम्बुज-गता चतुर्वक्त्र-मनोहरा ।
शूलाद्यायुध-सम्पन्ना पीतवर्णाऽतिगर्विता ॥ १०४॥
मेदोनिष्ठा मधुप्रीता बन्धिन्यादि-समन्विता ।
दध्यन्नासक्त-हृदया काकिनी-रूप-धारिणी ॥ १०५॥
The one who resides in Swādishtānam / coccyx (just above mūlādhāra) (swādishtānāmbhujagathā), having 4 beautiful faces that captivate the mind (chaturvaktra manōharā), having four hands that wield weapons such as the sūlam(trident 8(sūlādhyāyudha sampanna), yellow/golden colored (pītha varna), extremely proud (of her beauty) (athigarvitā), presiding over the realm of the fatty layer in the body (médhōnishtā)9, fond of honey (madhuprīta), surrounded by her parivara devatās such as bandinī10 (bandiniyādhi samanvitā), fond of yogurt rice(dadhyannāsaktha hrudayā), namely Kākini (kākini rūpadhārini).
Sākini : Mūlādhāra / Prithvi tatvam (slōkās 106,107; nāmās 514-520 )
मूलाधाराम्बुजारूढा पञ्च-वक्त्राऽस्थि-संस्थिता ।
अङ्कुशादि-प्रहरणा वरदादि-निषेविता ॥ १०६॥
मुद्गौदनासक्त-चित्ता साकिन्यम्बा-स्वरूपिणी ।
The one who resides in the Mūlādhāra chakra / perineum(āsana dwāram) (Mūlādhārāmbhujarūdha), having 5 faces (panchavaktrā), presiding over the skeletal component (asthi samsthithā) 11, bearing ankusa and other armories(ankushādi praharanā)12, surrounded by Varadā and 3 other devatās (varadādi nishevitā)13, fond of rice cooked with green gram 14(mudgoudanāsakthachiththā), namely Sākini (sākinyambā swarūpini).
Hākini : Ājna/ Manas tatvam (slōkās 107,108; nāmās 521-527 )
आज्ञा-चक्राब्ज-निलया शुक्लवर्णा षडानना ॥ १०७॥
मज्जासंस्था हंसवती-मुख्य-शक्ति-समन्विता ।
हरिद्रान्नैक-रसिका हाकिनी-रूप-धारिणी ॥ १०८॥
The one who resides in the ājna chakra/(brūmadhya)’between the eyebrows’ 15(Ājnā chakrābja nilayā), white-hued (shuklavarnā), with six faces(shadānanā), presiding over the realm of majja or bone marrow (majja samsthā)16, attended by the shaktis Hamsavati and Kshamāvati17 (hamsavati mukhyasakthi samanvita), fond of yellow(turmeric) rice (haridrānnaika rasikā), namely Hākini (Hākini rūpa dhārini)
Yākini : Sahasrāram / Brahmarantram (slōkās 109,110; nāmās 528-534)
सहस्रदल-पद्मस्था सर्व-वर्णोप-शोभिता ।
सर्वायुधधरा शुक्ल-संस्थिता सर्वतोमुखी ॥ १०९॥
सर्वौदन-प्रीतचित्ता याकिन्यम्बा-स्वरूपिणी ।
The one who resides in the sahasrāra chakra 18(sahasradala padmasthā), shining with the radiance of all colors ( sarva varnōpa shobithā)19, weilding all kinds of weapons in her thousands of hands (sarvāyutadharā), residing in the most subtle/untouched element of the body (shukla samsthithā)20, facing all directions (sarvathōmukhi), fond of all foods (sarvoudhanaprīta chiththā), namely Yākini (Yākinyambā swarūpini).
The concept of having no specific attribute at this level (which is the description of the nirguna brahman or the Infinite) seems deceptively simple to understand and sounds easily accesible. However, it is attained only after practice to transcend the other realms. It is only attained after repeated sādhana (practice) that is needed to understand, access and transcend the other 6 chakras.21
Footnotes
- Dākini resides in the first chakra as described by Vākdevis, she has only one face and 4 arms bearing such weapons as Khadvāngam, Kathu, Sūdam, Kedagam ↩︎
- The throat (Vishudhdhi) chakra is represented by a 16 petaled lotus for the 16 vowels. Each vowel is sound ruled by the shakthis Amritā (अ), Ākarsini (आ),Indrāni (इ),Īsāni (ई), Uma (उ), Ūrdvakesi (ऊ),Rudhdhidāyi (ऋ), Rūkārā (ॠ), Lukārā (ऌ), Lrūkārā (ॡ), Ēkapādā (ए), Aiswaryātmika (ऐ), Ōmkārā (ओँ), Oushadātmikā (औ), Ambikā (अँ), Akshara (अः) ↩︎
- Blood represents the element next to skin, aptly suited for the vishudhdhi (heart) chakra ↩︎
- Residing in the second chakra in the order elucidated in the Lalitā Sahasranāmā, Rākini is therefore with two faces. The heart (anāhata) chakra is represented as a 12 petaled lotus for the first 12 consonants (क, ख, ग, घ, ङ, च, छ, ज, झ, ञ, ट, ठ) and each of these petals are presided by shaktis/attendants (such as Kālarātri, Khānthitha, Gāyatri, Ghantinī etc) ↩︎
- Rice with ghee is believed to benefit blood production in the body ↩︎
- Here, ‘warriors’ alludes to those who are eloquent and such eloquence is granted by Rākini who commands the 51 aksharas and the shabda brahman ↩︎
- Lākini is with three faces as she resides in the 3rd chakra. The navel /nābhi (manipūraka) chakra is represented as a 10 petaled lotus for the next 10 consonants (ड,ढ,ण,त,थ,द,ध,न,प,फ) each of which have parivarata devatas such as Damari, Dhankāri, …, Pārvati,Phatkāri. ↩︎
- Kākini has 4 faces commensurate with dwelling in the 4th chakra, wields weapons such as the trident (sūlam), noose(pāsam), skull(kapālam) and elephant hook(aṅkuśam) ↩︎
- Medha , the fatty layer is the 4th layer below the skin, also another reason why it is the 4th chakra as described by the Vākdevis. Medha also means brain (or wisdom). ↩︎
- Swādishtāna chakra is represented as a 6 petaled lotus for the 6 consonants (ब,भ,म,य,र,ल) for the 6 shaktis that rule those aksharās – Bandinī, Bhadrakāli, Mahāmāyā,Yasasvinī, Raktā, Lambōshti. ↩︎
- Sākini presides over the bones which are the 5th layer from the skin and thus Mūladhāra is the 5th in the order of chakras described. ↩︎
- Sākini has 4 hands bearing Aṅkusa(elephant hook),lotus, book(denoting vedas) and Gnāna (chin) mudra, all symbols of enlightnement. There is no explicit mention of Sākini’s color, but from other texts its inferred that she is grey in color (like the color of smoke from a yagna). ↩︎
- Mūlādhāra chakra is usually represented as a 4 petaled red lotus with each petal denoting each of the aksharas व,श,ष,स and the corresponding parivāra devatas are Varadā, Shri, Shandā and Saraswatī. ↩︎
- Mudgoudanam is rice cooked with green gram(mung dāl) but has specific proportions prescribed – green gram:rice:jaggery:grated coconut:ghee:pepper:rock salt:jeera in the proportion 32:16:8:8:8:2:1:1/2, cooked with required amount of milk. ↩︎
- Hākini presides over the mind (manas) which in turn controls the other 5 chakras below
↩︎ - Hākini is seated on a 2 petaled (white) lotus (representing Ājna chakra) with 6 faces representing the 5 indriyas controlled by the 6 face (mind). She has four hands bearing gnāna mudra, aksha mālā (beads), kapālam(skull) and udukkai (drum) ↩︎
- The parivara devatas ruling the remaining two aksharas ह,क्ष are seated on the two petals of this chakra. ↩︎
- Sahasrāra chakra is represented as a 1000 petaled lotus on top of the haed referred to as the ‘brahmarantram’. Yākini who presides over this chakra has innumerable faces and hands and is simply understood as “all encompassing” ↩︎
- ‘varna’ also means aksharas. Saraswathi is also called Varnātmika ( the soul of all aksharas). Hence all the 51 aksharas are Yākini’s parivara devatās.
‘Sarva varna upa shōbita’ – When activated, the outer shell of the sahasrāra is said to be more lustrous than a full moon and the rays of this moon is multi colored – predominantly in the colors of the visible spectrum, (beginning with red at mūlādhāra, orange at swādishtāna, yellow at maṇipūra, green at anāhata, blue at viśuddhi, indigo at ājñā and violet at sahasrāra) and all the hues in between. ↩︎ - The innermost realms after crossing the other 6 chakras that trascend the skin, blood, flesh, fat, bones, and mind is where Yākini resides and the term ‘shuklam’ encompasses all the vital fluids in the body to create, sustain and destroy (such as plasma, lymph, hormones, reproductive and many others at a cellular level) ↩︎
- Sahasrāra is difficult to explain just as a chakra – rather, it is a state. It signifies the union of Shiva and Shakti ; The bindu where absolute bliss is attained ; The orifice through the mind (which is purified at the ājna chakra begins to realize the non-duality of the soul), passes to be freed from all (sancita) karma, never to be born again (in other words, attain moksha/liberation) ↩︎
The Role of a Guru in Yogic Practice
It should be understood that this simple knowledge of the yoginis does not automatically qualify one to practice the yoga form itself. The presence of a Guru in this journey is absolutely crucial without whom the movement into the sahasrāra is impossible. Until that time, simply reciting the Lalita Sahasranāma with faith (with or without awareness) as one progresses in the spiritual path and evolution of the soul itself is sufficient.
You are the Mind, You are Space, You are the Air, You are Fire, You are Water, You are the Earth
There is nothing beyond Your manifestation as You have manifested in the form of the universe.
You have assumed the role of Shiva's consort (Shiva Yuvati) and manifest as Consciousness and Bliss (Cit-Ānanda)
Soundarya Lahari Verse 35मनस्त्वं व्योम त्वं मरुदसि मरुत्सारथिरसि
त्वमापस्त्वं भूमिस्त्वयि परिणतायां न हि परम्।
त्वमेव स्वात्मानं परिणमयितुं विश्ववपुषा
चिदानन्दाकारं शिवयुवति भावेन विभृषे॥
